The Parisian club has now won the season-opening cup on fourteen separate times.
Paris Saint-Germain needed a dramatic leveler followed by a successful penalty shootout to get past their arch-rivals in the Gulf and secure a fourth straight Trophee des Champions victory.
The Champions League holders seemed to be sailing towards a comfortable win in the showdown between the Ligue 1 champions and the Coupe de France holders after the French winger found the net in the opening stages.
Yet, the southern French side fired two times late to take a shock advantage. Initially, the English forward scored from the penalty spot, before Willian Pacho unfortunately directed the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a breathtaking turn of events, the Portuguese striker snatched a vital leveler in the dying seconds to force the match into a penalty shootout. PSG goalkeeper Chevalier then emerged as the hero, saving crucial attempts from O'Riley and Hamed Traore.
From the spot, Goncalo Ramos, Vitinha, the full-back, and Desire Doue all converted with composure for Paris Saint-Germain to seal a 4-1 penalty victory.
Now 14-time winners PSG, who met last season's Ligue 1 runners-up Olympique de Marseille after achieving a league and cup double, have now lifted this competition for the 12th time in the last 13 years.